Understanding Quantum Readiness in Australia

Quantum technologies are rapidly transitioning from theoretical concepts to real-world applications, with the potential to transform industries and reshape societies. Recognised as one of Australia’s critical technologies, they are expected to drive economic growth, enhance national security, and promote social cohesion. The National Quantum Strategy envisions Australia as a global leader in quantum technologies by 2030, with these innovations integrated into society to foster a fair, inclusive, and prosperous Australia. Conservative estimates project that quantum technologies could contribute $6.1 billion to Australia’s GDP by 2045 and create tens of thousands of jobs. However, realising this potential depends not only on how quickly we develop these technologies, but also on their responsible adoption across industries. Given their wide-ranging applications and disruptive potential, quantum technologies must be implemented in ways that maximise benefits, minimise harm, and support long-term societal and environmental wellbeing. In this context, assessing the quantum readiness of organisations across Australia’s diverse industry sectors is critical. Even more urgent is the need for assessing quantum cyber readiness, i.e., the preparedness to defend against the cybersecurity threats posed by quantum computing. This urgency has been underscored by the Australian Signals Directorate’s (ASD) recent directive to migrate to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) by 2030. This directive provides a clear signal for organisations to begin preparing for a post-quantum future, particularly by transitioning to cryptographic standards resilient to quantum threats. This report presents findings from a quantum readiness study that draws on survey data and interviews with key decision-makers and strategic influencers within organisations across key sectors.